Shyamal Chakraborty joined the student movement in the early 1960s. He joined the undivided Communist Party in 1960 & was jailed for a period of a year and stayed underground for six months. He was elected to the West Bengal Legislative assembly & served as Minister for Transport for nine years. He was also elected to the Rajya Sabha for a term. He discharged responsibilities in the Centre of Indian Trade Unions in various capacities including serving as the President of its West Bengal unit. He was elected to the state Committee of the Party in 1978 and the Central Committee in 2002.
Shyamal Chakraborty played frontline role in organising the working class movement in West Bengal and also in the national sphere. He was actively associated in leading the movement in a number of strategic sectors. and was in the national level leadership of the respective all India federations. He led the West Bengal CITU as its state president, was elected in the national secretariat of CITU from 1991 to 2020.